Introduction to the main structural uses and classification of obstacle clearing vehicles

A clearing vehicle refers to a specialized vehicle equipped with road rescue equipment. Due to the inevitable occurrence of malfunctions and accidents when driving on roads, especially on high-grade highways, this phenomenon often occurs. The task of a clearance vehicle is to promptly tow the malfunctioning or accident vehicle away from the scene, ensuring smooth and unobstructed traffic on the road. Therefore, road clearing vehicles are also known as road rescue vehicles. With the increase of high-grade road surfaces and in use cars, obstacle clearing vehicles have also been developed.

The full name of a tow truck is a road tow truck, also known as a trailer. It has multiple functions such as lifting, pulling and lifting, and is suitable for clearing operations on highways and urban roads. , a special vehicle that can quickly, timely and safely clear accidents, breakdowns and illegal vehicles on the road and ease road traffic. In this article, the editor of Xianji introduces the structure, function and classification of tow trucks.

一、Classification of obstacle clearing vehicles:

Obstacle clearing vehicles are generally divided into four series according to their structural types: lift separation type, lift combined type, flat plate typeand ordinary type.

Wrecker truck structure:
The tow truck is composed of chassis, lifting device, lifting and traction device, hydraulic system, electronic control system, carbody and tool box.

1. Trailer type integrated obstacle clearing vehicle

Working form: The hydraulic cylinder of the slewing mechanism and the hydraulic cylinder of the boom mechanism work together to place the boom flat at the designated working point. Then, the hoist of the lifting mechanism and the hydraulic cylinder of the slewing mechanism work together to release the hook directly above the lifting part of the car. Then, the front of the car is lifted and moved to the boom through the hook, and the remaining part of the boom is installed. Finally, the front wheel is fixed to the boom with a fastening device, and the faulty car can be cleared.

2. Detachment type obstacle clearing vehicle

Working form: The hydraulic cylinder of the lifting mechanism is used to retract the lifting arm. The lifting arm is placed at the designated point on the front of the faulty vehicle, and then the hydraulic cylinder of the variable amplitude structure and the winch of the lifting mechanism are used to move the hook to the designated position on the front of the vehicle. The front of the vehicle is lifted and moved onto the lifting arm, and the remaining part of the lifting arm is installed. The front wheel is fixed to achieve the clearance of the faulty vehicle.

3. Integrated flatbed obstacle clearing vehicle

Working form: During operation, the sub frame is lifted to a certain tilt angle by the hydraulic cylinder of the lifting mechanism, and then the hydraulic cylinder of the flat sliding mechanism slides the flat plate downwards until the tail of the flat plate touches the ground. Then, the hook of the winch is hung on the front of the faulty vehicle, and the faulty vehicle is pulled to a suitable position on the flat plate. The flat sliding mechanism slides upwards back to its initial state, and the lifting mechanism falls back to its initial state. Finally, the four wheels of the faulty vehicle are fixed on the flat plate. To tow a second vehicle, simply control the support arm mechanism so that the front part of the support arm penetrates deep into the lower part of the front wheel of the faulty vehicle, determines the appropriate position of the tire, and then lifts the other part of the bracket up and down from the vehicle. Install it onto the support arm of the clearing vehicle, clamp the front wheel of the faulty vehicle, and fix it with a fixing device. Flat panel clearing vehicle is currently a popular type of clearing vehicle, which can achieve the function of one to two towing. Its flat panel part can realize the non-destructive transportation of faulty vehicles, and the bracket part can also realize the towing of faulty vehicles. It can complete the cleaning of two faulty vehicles at once, with high efficiency.

二、 Main structure and working principle

1、Power take-off device

The power take-off device consists of an oil pump, a power take-off, and a flexible shaft cable. Used to output car power to the oil pump, becoming hydraulic energy. It is achieved by the action of a handle installed in the driver's cab of a car, which uses a flexible shaft cable to connect or disconnect the power take-off gear with the power take-off output gear in the car gearbox, thereby causing the oil pump to work or stop.

Attention: When the car is driving, the power take-off teeth in the power take-off should be disengaged and the oil pump should not work.

2、Hydraulic transmission mechanism

After the power take-off is engaged, the oil pump works and high-pressure oil enters the multi way directional valve. By manipulating different handles on the directional valve, various actions can be performed.

3、 Traction system

High pressure oil drives the hydraulic motor to drive the winch. When the hydraulic motor is working, its control valve handle is in the "put" position, which can automatically release the steel wire rope. By pulling the control valve handle to the "retracted" position, the vehicle can be towed or the steel wire rope can be retracted.

Attention: When the vehicle is driving normally, the wire rope hook should be tightened and hung on the ring hole at the end of the flat plate.

4、 lifting device

This type of car uses tire carriers, which are divided into front and rear carriers. The front bracket is placed on both ends of the swing arm and fixed with spring pins. The rear bracket is inserted into the square hole of the front bracket and fixed with pins. At the same time, the tire is locked firmly with a fastening zipper.

三、 Operation method

1. Operation of power take-off

The engagement or disengagement of the power take-off must be achieved through the clutch, that is, first press the clutch pedal to disengage the clutch, open or close the power take-off, and then release the clutch pedal.

Attention: The power take-off must not be forcibly engaged.

2. Operation of hydraulic winch

Pull out the handle of the power take-off, engage the power take-off, and start the oil pump.

According to the instructions on the operating label, extend the tablet to the appropriate position.

Operate the lifting handle of the platform and align it with the ground.

Use chains or fastening cables to firmly fix the steel wire rope in the appropriate position of the towing vehicle.

Shrink the steel wire rope, pull the vehicle onto the flat plate, and secure it with a hook.

3. Dragging operation

Drive the obstacle clearing vehicle to the appropriate position and align it with the towed vehicle;

Connect the power take-off (operation method as before)

According to the instructions on the operation label, place the support arm in the appropriate position

Extend the telescopic arm to the appropriate position (not less than 25 centimeters, i.e. the telescopic arm * * hole)

e. Insert the rear bracket of the tire into the square hole of the front bracket, clamp the tire, and fix it to the front bracket with a pin

f. Secure the tire to the bracket using a fastening zipper

g. Release the handbrake of the towed vehicle, set the gear lever to neutral position. If the towed vehicle is lifted from the rear end, the steering wheel should be fixed and not allowed to turn;

i. Turn off the power take-off (operation method as before), tow and drive at a speed not exceeding 30km/h

j. Arrive at the designated location, put down the towed vehicle, and reset all parts.

四、 maintenance and upkeep

No matter how good a product is, without your careful care and proper daily maintenance, it will not have lasting vitality. To make good use of and maintain your vehicle, please follow the following methods for operation and maintenance:

1. Before driving, check whether there are leaks in the valves, cylinders, and joint pipelines of the hydraulic system. If there are leaks, tighten or replace the seals, and if necessary, replace the leaking hydraulic components;

2. Regularly check whether there is any damage or detachment in the lifting, traction, and accessory parts;

3. After using the dedicated parts 250 times a month, lubricating grease (with the grade of tin 3 # lithium based grease) should be added to each lubrication point. Do not apply lubricating grease to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder;

4. Every month, release all the steel wire ropes of the hydraulic winch and clean them with engine oil;

5. The hydraulic oil should not be replaced in new cars for more than six months, and can be replaced at any time after the oil becomes dirty or aged, but the duration should not exceed one year;

6. The hydraulic system must use the specified hydraulic oil, which is YC-N46 or YC-N68 low pour point hydraulic oil (i.e. the old brand is 30 or 40 hydraulic oil);

7. When adding hydraulic oil, the gear pump should run at low speed, allowing the telescopic cylinder, folding arm cylinder, and amplitude cylinder to move back and forth 2-3 times, and the hydraulic winch to rotate forward and backward about 2 turns to ensure that all air in the hydraulic system can be discharged from the oil tank cover vent hole** The hydraulic oil level in the final oil tank should be maintained between the dipstick scale line and the lower limit. When adding hydraulic oil, a filter with an accuracy of not less than 25um must be used for filtration;

8. Key points for cleaning multi way directional valves. (Taking the commonly used multi way directional valve as an example, the principle of other structural types of multi way directional valves is the same)

1. Unscrew the overflow valve with a 30 inch opening or a Phillips wrench.

2. Block the opening with clean gauze to prevent excessive oil spillage.

3. Clean off any debris at the location indicated by the arrow. Use a cross to press the pointed inner valve core repeatedly, and add a small amount of hydraulic oil until impurities are removed from the small hole.

五、safe operation

1. When using a winch, the cable cannot be fully released, and at least five turns of cable should be left on the winch. 

2. Ensure that the lifting device extends a sufficient length to ensure that there is enough distance between the two vehicles when turning, in order to avoid collisions.
   

3. When lifting the crane arm, pay attention to the working height and surrounding environmental space, and be careful not to touch live wires and damage buildings.
   

4.   After connecting all the cables, be sure to check all the connection parts to ensure that the cables and pulleys are completely aligned. When pulling, there should be no looseness or detachment between the cables and pulley grooves.

5. Do not use vehicles that have not been properly maintained for clearing obstacles. It is necessary to ensure that the bolts of the clearing vehicle are not loose, the cables are not damaged, and the running in parts are fully lubricated.